Conquering SpaceУпражнение 1. Переведите письменно без словаря следующий текст. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) automated spacecraft for solar system exploration come in many shapes and sizes. Each spacecraft consists of various scientific instruments selected for a particular mission, supported by basic subsystems for electrical power, trajectory and orientation control, as well as for processing data and communicating with Earth. NASA uses both electrical power and solar energy. Rechargeable batteries are employed for backup and supplemental power. A subsystem of small thrusters is used to control spacecraft. The thrusters are linked with devices that maintain a constant gaze at selected stars. Just as Earth's early seafarers used the stars to navigate the oceans, spacecraft use stars to maintain their bearings in space. Between 1959 and 1971, NASA spacecraft were dispatched to study the Moon and the solar environment; they also scanned the inner planets other than Earth - Mercury, Venus and Mars. For the early planetary reconnaissance missions, NASA employed a highly successful series of spacecraft called the Mariners. Between 1962 and 1975, seven Mariner missions conducted the first surveys of our planetary neighbours in space. In 1972 NASA launched Pioneer 10, a Jupiter spacecraft. Interest was shifting to four of the outer planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Four NASA spacecraft in all - two Pioneers and two Voyagers - were sent in the 1970s to tour the outer regions of our solar system. Because of the distances involved, these travellers took anywhere from 20 months to 12 years to reach their destinations. NASA also developed highly specialised spacecraft to revisit our neighbours Mars and Venus in the middle and late 1970s. Twin Viking Landers were equipped to serve as seismic and weather stations and as biology laboratories. Two drum-shaped Pioneer spacecraft visited Venus in 1978. A new generation of automated spacecraft - including Magellan, Galileo, Ulysses, Mars Observer and Cassini - is being developed and sent out into the solar system to make detailed examinations that will increase our understanding of our neighbourhood and our own planet. Упражнение 2. Прочитайте перевод текста упражнения 1 вслед за преподавателем, читающим исходный текст на английском языке, с отставанием в три-четыре слова. Упражнение 3. Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям. to make a flyby.................................................................................................................. to maintain one's bearings in space................................................................................ to explore the Solar system.............................................................................................. to observe a planet from close range............................................................................ to develop highly specialised spacecraft....................................................................... to send robotic spacecraft on a mission........................................................................ to perform close-range surveys....................................................................................... to conduct surveys of our planetary neighbours in space.......................................... to represent a quantum leap in technology advancement......................................... Упражнение 4. Переведите на слух следующие сообщения. 1. From our small world we have gazed upon the cosmic ocean for un 2. During the nineteenth century, astronomers were puzzled over unex
tions could be explained by assuming the existence of an intra-Mercurial planet, or possibly a second asteroid belt, inside Mercury's orbit. 3. In 1846, Frederic Petit, director of the observatory of Toulouse, stated 4. Above the core of Jupiter lies the main bulk of the planet in the form 5. The Cassini spacecraft, on its journey to Saturn, made a flyby of the 6. The space shuttle main engines are among the most powerful, most Упражнение 5. Прочитайте про себя текст А, одновременно прослушивая текст В, который зачитывает вслух преподаватель. A. On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American to blast off B. Галактики - это большие звёздные системы, в которых звёзды 1000 раз. Ближайшими к нам и самыми яркими на небе галактиками являются Магеллановы Облака. Они выглядят как два туманных облачка, подобно двум оторвавшимся кусочкам Млечного Пути. К сожалению, в Северном полушарии их не видно. Но морякам, плававшим в южных морях, издавна были известны два небольших «облака», которые серебристо светятся в хорошую погоду на ночном небе. Во время кругосветного путешествия Магеллана его спутник и летописец Анто-нио Пигафетта описал Облака, а после гибели известного мореплавателя предложил назвать Облака Магеллановыми - Большим и Малым. Упражнение 6. Закройте учебник. Изложите письменно на русском языке содержание текстов упражнения 5. Упражнение 7. Переведите на слух по абзацам следующий текст, повторяя перевод предыдущего абзаца, сделанный вашим коллегой (перевод с повторением).
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