Vocabulary. · Borrowings from Urdu and the regional languages: atta ‘flour’, tehsil ‘district’, ziarat ‘religious place’.· Borrowings from Urdu and the regional languages: atta ‘flour’, tehsil ‘district’, ziarat ‘religious place’. · Loan translations from these languages: cousin-brother. · Terms shared with Indian English: crore ‘ten million’, lakh ‘one hundred thousand’, - wallah a word element denoting ‘one who does something as an occupation’, as with policewallah. · Hybrids of English and local languages: biradarism ‘favouring one’s clan or family’, gheraoed ‘surrounded by protesters in an office or similar place and unable to leave’, goondaism ‘hooliganism, thuggish behaviour’. · English words, especially compounds, adapted for local use: age-barred ‘over the age for (particular work)’, load-shedding ‘intermittently shutting off a supply of electricity’, time-barred ‘referring to loss of validity after a specific period’. Case study 12: Indian English Indian English short forms IndE, IE. Formerly also Indo English. The English language as used in India. An estimated 30m people (4% of the population) regularly use English, making India the third largest English-speaking country in the world. English is the associate official language of India, the state language of Manipur (1.5m), Meghalaya (1.33m), Nagaland (0.8m),and Tripura (2m), and the official language of eight Union territories. It is one of the languages of the three language formula proposed in the1960s for educational purposes: state language, Hindi, and English. It is used in the legal system, pan-Indian and regional administration, the armed forces, national business, and the media.
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