The Uses and Applications of EnginesThe reciprocating engine, turboprop, turbofan, turbojet, ramjet and rocket, each has its limitations as well as uses for which it is best suited. Let us compare the probable ultimate potential of various types of airborne vehicles. The reciprocating engine which reached its ultimate in size and horsepower will long be with us as the workhorse of low and medium altitudes and airspeeds. Along with the shaft turbine, it finds new uses in helicopters and some types of converter-planes. The turboprop combines the advantage inherent in propeller-driven aircraft, of short take-offs with the higher and faster flying capability of the gas turbine engine. Generally speaking, the performance characteristics of a turbofan engine fall between those of a turboprop and a turbojet. A turbojet with its increased efficiency at quite high altitudes and airspeeds is ideal for high-flying, high-performance military aircraft and fast, long-range commercial airlines. The uses and applications of rocket engines are well known.
Exercise 29. Find in the text irregular verbs. Translate them. Example: be – was, were – been, go – went – gone.
Exercise 30. Put the verbs in the Past Indefinite Tense. 1. The history of Ukrainian aviation (to begin) a century ago. 2. After the World War II civil aviation (to develop) intensively. 3. New airplanes and helicopters (to appear) on home and international routes. 4. They (to be) faster and more comfortable. 5. In early 1980’s the IL-86 wide-body plane (to come) into service. 6. They (to carry out) fuelling the airplane. 7. The mechanic (to deliver) fuel to the aircraft. 8. The airplane (to land) on the grass strip. 9. The pilot (to make) a forced landing. 10. The passengers (to wait) for their flight. Exercise 31. Make oral reports on the topics: 1. Classification of aviation engines. 2. The main components of a gas-turbine engine. Types of gas-turbines. UNIT 2
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