TEXT № 3. HOW COMPUTERS WORK

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TEXT № 1. COMPUTER

TASK: Read and translate this text. Find in the text the words from vocabulary and give the synonyms. Learn the vocabulary by heart.

Computer, machine that performs tasks, such as mathematical calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program. Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer's electronics, and the program results are stored or routed to output devices, such as video display monitors or printers. Computers are used to perform a wide variety of activities with reliability, accuracy, and speed. (475)

 

Vocabulary:

to perform - выполнять

calculation – подсчет

to reside – находиться

to retrieve – извлекать

to process – обрабатывать

to store – хранить

to route – отправлять

output device – устройство вывода

reliability – надежность, достоверность

accuracy–точность

 

TEXT № 2. USES OF COMPUTERS

TASK: Read and translate the following text. Point out the main idea. Can you add something else about the computer usage? Learn the vocabulary by heart.

People use computers in a wide variety of ways. In business, computers track inventories with bar codes and scanners, check the credit status of customers, and transfer funds electronically. In homes, tiny computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most appliances control the indoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time_, and turn videocassette recorders on and off. Computers in automobiles regulate the flow of fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage. Computers —-also entertain, creating digitized sound on stereo systems or computer-animated features from a digitally encoded laser disc. Computer programs, or applications, exist to aid every level of education, from programs that teach simple addition or sentence construction to programs that teach advanced calculus. Educators use computers to track grades and prepare notes; with computer-controlled projection units, they can addgraphics, sound, and animation to their lectures (see Computer-Aided Instruction). Computers are used extensively in scientific research to solve mathematical problems, display complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical to build, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of space shuttles. The military employs computers in sophisticated communications to encode and unscramble messages, and to keep track of personnel and supplies. (1389)

Vocabulary:

to track – выслеживать, находить

to to perform - выполнять

calculation – подсчет

to reside – находиться

to retrieve – извлекать

to process – обрабатывать

to store – хранить

to route – отправлять

output device – устройство вывода

reliability – надежность, достоверность

accuracy - точность

to embed – вставлять, внедрять

thereby – таким образом

mileage – расстояние в милях, пробег автомобиля на единицу расхода горючего

digitized sound – оцифрованный звук

circuitry – график, диаграмма, схема

application – приложение

to solve – решать

data – информация, данные

space shuttle – челночный воздушно-космический аппарат

sophisticated – сложный, усовершенствованный

to unscramble – дескремблировать (восстанавливать засекреченную речь)

 

TEXT № 3. HOW COMPUTERS WORK

TASK: Read and translate this text. Tell in brief the main principle of a computer work? Learn the vocabulary by heart.

The physical computer and its components are known as hardware. Computer hardware includes the memory that stores data and instructions; the central processing unit (CPU) that carries out instructions; the bus that connects the various computer components; the input devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, that allow the user to communicate with the computer; and the output devices, such as printers and video display monitors, that enable the computer to present information to the user. The programs that run the computer are called software. Software generally is designed to perform a particular type of task—for example, to control the arm of a robot to weld a car's body, to write a letter, to draw a graph, or to direct the general operation of the computer. (765)

Vocabulary:

hardware – аппаратное обеспечение

processing unit – устройство обработки, процессор

to carry out – выполнять

to run – управлять

software – программное обеспечение

to weld – объединять, сваривать

to draw – чертить, рисовать