Word-building.

Suffix	Meaning	Example
-ity	Used to form nouns from the corresponding adjectives	-probable → probability (note: the adjective “able” becomes ability)
-ment	Used to form nouns from the corresponding verbs	-move → movement
-ion(ation, ition)	Used to form nouns from the verbs with the meaning of process or result of doing something.	-add → addition
Prefix-Suffix	Meaning	Example
en-/-en	Used to form verbs from adjectives or nouns	-large → enlarge -length → lengthen

 

1) Form nouns from the following words:

a) equal, reliable, acid, relative, simple, complex, active.

b) stability, availability, responsibility.

2) Form nouns from the following verbs, by adding -ment:

agree, measure, establish, state, achieve, improve, equip, adjust, advance.

3) Form nouns from the following verbs, by adding – ion (-ation, -ition):

collect, specialize, apply, calculate, combine, explain, compute, isolate, adapt, subtract, divide, multiply, investigate.

4) Form verbs from the following, using en-/-en:

tight, short, deep, force, loose, strength, danger, circle, height, weak.

 

 

Structure Study

Past Simple Tense
Form	Use	Associated with
Regular verb + -ed Irregular verbs	-actions (succession of actions) which happened in the past and are now finished.	yesterday, last week (month, year), 5 days ago, etc.
Example
The Space Race involved the efforts to explore outer space (regular verb). The engineers made the road wider (irregular verb). They didn’t increase the temperature. What problem did he work at after getting his MSc?

A) Put the following sentences into the Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Negative, Simple Past Interrogative:

1) Our team of scientists works at the formula for aging long and well.

2) The information seems incomplete and unreliable.

3) I understand the main problem in the experiment.

4) The students test the new measuring device.

5) The specialist finds a fresh approach.

6) Investigators draw the right conclusions.

7) The satellite in low Earth orbit experiences significant resistance.

8) The research concentrates on developing a robot which is a more effective substitute for animals.

9) The fellowship encourages outstanding scientists to continue their researches.

10) They develop a paint that reduces aerodynamic drag.

 

Simple Past Passive
- action refers to the past; - one has little knowledge of or interest in the doer of the action and is more interested in what was done to, or happened to, or who/what was affected.	A machine was invented by engineers. The right conclusions were drawn by our team.