Amp; Ex. 4a) Read the text about different types of marriages and try to find the name of the marriage by its description.
1. Marriage between people belonging to different religions, tribes, races, nationalities or ethnic backgrounds. This term has fallen into disuse, as it can sound offensive. 2. Once very common and still practiced in some cultures, an ______ marriage is one where the spouses are chosen by someone other than the couple getting married, and is entered into for practical reasons, not love. Those involved in arranging marriages for others include parents, professional matchmakers, friends, religious leaders, or some other third party. 3. Loving someone is a great thing and most of us know the excitement of meeting their prospective partner and falling in love. Many of us also know the disappointment and failure of a marriage ending in divorce where the love has vanished only to be replaced by bitterness. There are still long-lasting, love-match marriages out there that have worked, and they will have done so because the couple worked hard at their shared life. Similarly, in an arranged marriage, effort has to be made to compromise, share and work together to keep the marriage going. 4. _____________ is a marriage entered into with the intent of deceiving public officials or society about its purpose. Arranging or entering into such a marriage is itself a separate violation of the law in some countries. While referred to as a "_____" or "______" because of its motivation, the union itself is still legally valid if it meets the formal legal requirements for marriage. After a period, a couple often divorces if the marriage is no longer useful. 5. ____________ originally meant a glamorous high society marriage between Hollywood celebrities. However, the term has grown to also have strong negative connotations of a marriage that is of short duration and quickly ends in separation or divorce. The term developed the negative connotations fairly early; by the 1930s, it was a marriage both glamorous and short-lived. This connotation may also have related, at times, to moral panics over Hollywood's influence on the culture. 6. ________ is a marriage contracted for reasons other than the reasons of relationship, family, or love. Instead, such a marriage is orchestrated for personal gain or some other sort of strategic purpose, such as political marriage. The phrase is a calque of French: mariage de convenance - a marriage of convention, or marriage of suitability. In the cases when it represents a fraud, it is called sham marriage. 7. _________ is a term used to describe a marriage in which one or both of the parties are married without his or her consent or against his or her will. A ________ marriage differs from an arranged marriage, in which both parties consent to the assistance of their parents or a third party (such as a matchmaker) in identifying a spouse, although the difference between the two may be indistinct. 8. _________ is a form of forced marriage occasioned by an unplanned pregnancy. Some religions and cultures consider it a moral imperative to marry in such a situation, based on reasoning that premarital sex or out-of-wedlock births are sinful, not sanctioned by law, or otherwise stigmatized.
Ex. 4b) Explain the meaning of to the words in bold from the article above. and give their Russian equivalents:
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