Theoretical BoxPHONETICS is a branch of Linguistics, which studies speech sounds (their articulation, acoustic qualities and semantics) and intonation:
   PHONETICS
PHONEME is the smallest linguistic unit, which can differentiate the meaning and the grammar forms of words. There are 44 phonemes in English: 20 vowels and 24 consonants.
b e d /b e d/ – noun; a piece of furniture for sleeping in. b a d /b æ;d/ – adjective; not good.
ALLOPHONE is a material representation of the phoneme in speech. The number of allophones in a language is limitless:
/p/ – plosive; acce p t – /p/ - plosionless allophone of the plosive /p/.
PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION is a sort of alphabet, in which each phoneme has its own symbol.
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