The use of verb forms after different introductory verbsSEQUENCES OF TENSES AND REPORTED SPEECH The main rule: When the predicate of the main clause is used in one of the past tenses, the predicates of all the subordinate clauses of the same sentence are also used in one of the past tenses. 1. Mind the changes that happen to tenses if they occur after the past verb in the main clause:
e.g. I think John is in love with me. e.g. I though John was in love with me.
e.g. I think Mary is cooking. e.g. I though Mary was cooking.
e.g. I think David has finished his essay. e.g. I though David had finished his essay.
e.g. I think Julia has been working e.g. I though Julia had been working in the garden since morning. in the garden since morning.
e.g. I think Philip knew Mary in the past. e.g. I though Philip had known Mary in the past.
e.g. I think Laura was sleepin g e.g. I though Laura was sleeping / had been sleeping when we came. when we came .
(will/shall) (would/should) e.g. I think Eddie will pass his exam e.g. I thought Eddie would pass his exam
e.g. I think Joanne will be sailing e.g. I thought Joanne would be sailing this time next week. this time next week.
e.g. I think Meg will have knitted this e.g. I thought Meg would have knitted this sweater by Christmas. sweater by Christmas.
e.g. I think Ted will have been mending e.g. I thought Ted would have been mending his car for 3 hours when I come. his car for 3 hours when I came. Notes: · Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous remain unchanged. · In spoken English all the abovementioned changes may not be observed. · Sequence of Tenses is not observed when the subordinate clause contains: a) the so-called “general truths”, e.g. Looking at the night sky we suddenly realized that our solar system is just a tiny speck in the infinite Universe. b) the description of a state of affairs which still exists when the speech is reported, the so-called ‘up-to-date reporting’, e.g. Pat said, “I decided not to buy that house because it was on a main road.” Pat told that she decided not to buy that house because it was on a main road. c) Modal verbs that have no past tenses like must, need, should, etc, e.g. Marge phoned me and cried that I must come at once. d) newspaper, radio and TV reports, e.g. Before the plane crashed, the pilot told that he can see the lights of the take off. e) conjunction “ since ”, e.g. Jane said, “”I have been writing an essay since you left. ” - Jane told that she had been writing an essay since we left. f) Past Indefinite that shows an action taking place at a definite moment e.g. Susan said, “I had left home before the telegram came. ” Susan told that she had left home before the telegram came. David said, “When we were living (lived) in France, we used to go to the sea very often.” - David told that when they were living (lived) in France, they used to go to the sea very often.” g) Subjunctive Mood, e.g. Julian said, “I wish I could pass all my exams easily.” Julian told that he wished he could pass all his exams easily.
the use of verb forms after different introductory verbs
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Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Continuous/ Past Perfect Continuous
Future Indefinite Future Indefinite in the Past
Future Continuous Future Continuous in the Past
Future Perfect Future Perfect in the Past
Future Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
