Wrong forms. - Theory of classes and social conflicts ( classes are differentiated on the basis of relations of domination and submission).

Antique political theories

 

Платон

 

 

Дата и место рождения	Дата и место смерти	Труды	Значительные идеи
427 до н. э. Афины	347 год до н. э. Афины(-347)	“Политик”, “Государство”, “Законы”	Учение об идеальном государстве

 

Основные интересы:

этика, эстетика, политика, образование, философия математикa

 

Platon's political philosophy (427-347 BC)

The basic works - "Politician", "State", "Laws";

1. Substantiation of principle of division of labour as bases of social structure and state construction;

2. Substantiation of state as a main institute and necessary form of the organization of a human society.

“I see close destruction of that state where the law is not valid and is under someone's the power. “

 

Theory of ideal state.

Ideal state – is a fair power of the best individuals, based on fair laws and public property.

The main aim of the ideal state - satisfaction of requirements of citizens in interests of the majority of the population. Personal interests should submit to interests of the state and society as a whole;

 

4. Allocation of groups of philosophers, soldiers and workers (farmers and handicraftsmen). Philosophers exercise administration of a society, soldiers are military and police force, workers provide a society with material means;

 

5. Classification of forms of the states:

Correct forms

- Aristocracy (power of ruling class, wise and noble philosophers) as the best form of the state;

- Monarchy (power of one individual);

Wrong forms

- Timocracy (power based on violence and wars);

- Oligarchy (power based on a property);

- Democracy (power of deprived and uneducated crowd),

- Tyranny (power based on lawlessness and slavery).

 

Аристотель Ἀριστοτέλης;

 

Дата и место рождения	Дата и место смерти	Труды	Значительные идеи
384 год до н. э. (-384) Стагир, полуостров Халкидики	7 марта 322 до н. э.(-322-03-07) Халкида, остров Эвбея	“Политика”	Теория государства

 

Период:Античная философия

 

Основные интересы:этика, политика, наука о жизни, логика, экономика

 

The basic work "Politics";

1. Theoretical substantiation of occurrence of the state - main reason of occurrence of the state - distinctions of natural qualities of the people, determining relations between slaves and slaveholders;

- state is a product of development and the necessary form of existence of people;

- definition of the person as ”political animal” – person, who lives out of the state, is either an animal, or a god.