General concepts. 1. crime[uncountable] – illegal activities in general преступность: We moved here because there was very little crime1. crime [uncountable] – illegal activities in general преступность: We moved here because there was very little crime. / Police officers are being given new powers to help combat crime. / a town with a relatively low crime rate / Street crime was rising rapidly in Moscow. / There's been a rise in serious crime in the area. petty crime – not very serious crime малозначительное преступление, хулиганство: He became involved in petty crime as a teenager. juvenile crime / youth crime / juvenile delinquency – crime committed by children or teenagers преступность среди малолетних: Juvenile crime is on the increase. organized crime −;a large and powerful organization of criminals организованная преступность: Organized crime is involved in drug trafficking. / War must be waged on organized crime. 2. to deter (crime) (syn. to prevent) −;to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results удерживать (от совершения преступления), предотвращать (преступление): It is not clear whether the death penalty deters crime. to deter smb from (doing) smth: The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing. deterrent [countable] (to, for, against) − something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results сдерживающий фактор, сдерживающее средство: Window locks are an effective deterrent against burglars. / Also unclear is whether execution by lethal injection will have any effect on the death penalty as a crime deterrent. / There is little or no deterrent for these fiendish acts. / Investigate the extent to which capital punishment is a deterrent to murder. deterrence [uncountable] to combat / fight crime to root out / stamp out / eliminate / eradicate crime to be tough on crime – to always punish crime severely принимать жёсткие меры по борьбе с преступностью: Politicians are trying to appear tough on crime. to breed crime – to cause crime порождать преступность: Poor living conditions breed crime and violence. 3. crime [countable] − an illegal action, which can be punished by law преступление: He insisted that he had not committed any crime. / Rape is a very serious crime. / men who have been found guilty of violent crimes. ! to commit a crime not a crime against humanity − a crime of cruelty against large numbers of people, especially in a war преступление против человечества (человечности) a crime against property – damage to or theft of physical property преступление против собственности a premeditated crime –a crime that is planned in advance and done deliberately предумышленное преступление: The defense claim that the murder was not premeditated. an unpremeditated crime – a crime that is not planned beforehand непредумышленное преступление to accuse smb of a crime / to charge smb with a crime 4. law-breaking [uncountable] – disobedience or non-adherence to the law нарушение закона: Civil disobedience, violent or non-violent, is intentional law breaking. 5. to break / violate / flout the law – to do smth against the law нарушить / преступить закон: There were easy profits for businessmen who were prepared to break the law. | Federal officials began to violate the civil rights laws in addition to refusing to enforce them. | He condemned those who have (deliberately / openly) flouted the law simply for commercial gain. to be against the law: Sex discrimination is against the law. 6. criminal / offender / lawbreaker / perpetrator of a crime [countable] – someone who is involved in illegal activities or has been proved guilty of a crime преступник: Police have described the man as a violent and dangerous criminal (offender). a convicted criminal − someone who has been found guilty of a crime осуждённый преступник: The justice system is not perfect and sometimes innocent people become convicted criminals. a habitual criminal / a hardened criminal – a criminal who commits crimes repeatedly закоренелый преступник, рецидивист: The new law will ensure that habitual criminals receive tougher punishment than first-time offenders. / Teenagers should not be sent to prison to mix with hardened criminals. a petty criminal – someone involved in petty crime мелкий преступник 7. accomplice [countable] (in smth) − a person who helps someone such as a criminal to do something wrong соучастник,сообщник: After the robbery, the men escaped in a stolen car driven by an accomplice. / One man held a gun on her while his accomplice took the money. / He and a friend, Trevor Nott, were arrested as suspected accomplices in a visa-forging ring. complicity [uncountable] (in smth) − involvement in a crime, together with other people соучастие: At its worst, it amounts to complicity in crimes against humanity. 8. tort [countable, uncountable] − an action that is wrong but not criminal and can be dealt with in a civil court of law гражданское правонарушение: In Donoghue v Stevenson in 1932 the House of Lords shaped a general theory of manufacturer's liability in tort for products.
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