That, whether, as if, because, what, which, where, who, why, when, how

1. Translate the following sentences:

 

1) The only basis on which the deal could be described as a success is if the true objective was the avoidance of fight between the EU members.

2) What is important is whether a country’s resources are fully and effectively utilized and developed.

3) What these facts mean is that there is something basically wrong with the system.

4) What is not certain is whether the improvement is continuing sufficiently fast.

5) The most striking thing about the rise of the Chinese economy is that it has been so rapid.

6) What is most depressing is that some people tend to believe these lies about the all-round corruption of the government officials.

7) The idea the party wants to convey is that the dogmatism was just a phase the Tory once went through.

8) The reason I do not have a mobile phone is that I don’t want to be at someone else’s beck and call 24 hours a day.

9) It seems as if the Prime Minister was right in describing the situation as dramatic and requiring urgent actions.

10) The question is whether the EU members are prepared to accept such state of affairs.

11) The problem is not that consumers are short of funds, it’s that they are short of certainty about the future.

12) Bush’s real problem was that his foreign policy had very few allies at home.

13) One of the things that is clear is that the environmental data do not fully explain what we are seeing.

14) The biggest problem with loneliness is that we walk around thinking we’re the only ones suffering from it.

15) One of the most common complaints from exporters was that banks lack adequate

understanding of their customers’ needs.

16) The greatest problem is what purpose the new military base will serve should a major war break out.

17) What the speech of the PM really shows is that the pause in the negotiations which are now expected to resume at the defense-minister level is a temporary one.

18) My belief is that what the British are prepared to do is to have military planning that is potentially separable but not separate.

19) The trouble was that Western leaders had never intended to do more than drop a few bombs in Kosovo.

20) It does not take a psychologist to figure out that around age 40, which some baby boomers have already hit, is when youthful dreams yield to reality.

Time clauses

After, as, as long as, as soon as, for, just as, once, since, before, by the time, when, while, until/till, the moment (that), whenever, every time, immediately, the first time, the last time, the next time

 

I. Choose the necessary word or expression. Open the brackets:

 

1) I’m not leaving until/ by the time I (finish) this job.

2) He promised to phone while/ the moment he (arrive) in London.

3) He had answered the calls as soon as/ by the time I (come).

4) We’ll have the conference when/ while the exams (be) over.

5) You can go home whenever/ before you (want) to.

6) They were talking as soon as/ while we (watch) the film.

7) Tom came home just as/ till Mary (leave)

8) We went to sleep after/ until we (eat) our meal.

9) By the time/ Until I (arrive home), George had already left.

10) Tell Jane I’ll call her by the time/ as soon as I (have) some news.

11) Ann didn’t buy a car until/ since she (save) enough money.

12) We had been waiting for six hours until/ by the time the train (get) into the station.

 

2. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word or expression:

 

1) Welcome to our conference! I’d like to say a few words __ we begin.

2) ___ the last marathon runner crossed the finishing line, nearly everyone had gone home.

3) Don’t try to show anyone the trick ___ you have practiced it a lot.

4) If he carries on making investments like that, he’ll become a millionaire ____ he is 25.

5) We waited ____ our partners had left, then we discussed the situation.

6) You must check your mirror ____ you are driving.

7) The meeting had already finished ____ 5.30.

8) The building had burnt to the ground ____ the fire brigade arrived.

9) I’ve been teaching people to speak English ____ 1982.

10) They don’t want to announce the figures____ they have checked them.

11) I assure you that ____ you have finished this course you will have acquired some idea of the English grammar.

12) He wanted us to finish the project ____ tomorrow.

3. Find the errors in the following sentences. Correct the mistakes:

 

1) We waited for you by it got dark.

2) When the Queen will arrive, we must all stand up.

3) As soon as I’ll get home, I’ll have something to eat.

4) They didn’t call by the time they had found the solution.

5) Can you phone me when you will be ready?

6) Every time I will go shopping, I spend too much money.

7) I’ll phone you if there will be a problem.

8) We had cleared the table by the time we had finished eating.

9) Until she went to bed, it was nearly morning.

10) I’ll call you immediately as I reach my hotel.

 

4. Translate into Russian:

 

1) Candidates could finance their campaigns by public or private funds or by any mix of the two as long as they stayed within an overall ceiling.

2) As any student of government ought to know, once a new investment of that scale has been made, the Army’s interest in protecting it will be very large.

3) Until the system begins to function and until responsibilities are clearly codified by law, no one can confidently appraise the new structure.

4) While the United States focused its attention on Iraq, other dangerous crises have been put on hold.

5) While there does not appear to be any immediate threat to financial stability in the country, the rate of inflation will depend on the monetary and exchange rate policy.

6) As societies grew richer and more modern, it was assumed, they would become more secular.

7) It was assumed that, as people became more educated, primitive passions like tribalism and nationalism would fade away and global institutions would rise to take their place.

8) In addition, it was assumed, that as communication technologies improved, there would be greater cooperation and understanding.

9) None of these suppositions turned out to be true. As the world has become richer and better educated, religion hasn’t withered; it has become stronger and more fundamentalist.

10) When friends have married women with bigger paychecks, the only financial complaints I’ve heard from them have come when a wife later decided to pursue a more meaningful – i.e., less lucrative career.

11) Some efforts should be made before Washington turns to the possibility of acting on its own

12) To asses the effect of the smoking law, a researcher measured air quality at eight indoor entertainment establishment before and after the law took effect.

13) At a time when universities in many Western countries are pinching budgets, Hon Kong are gearing up for a massive expansion of the undergraduate population.

14) About 30,000 new students will flood into the universities next year, as the first students taught under six-year high school curriculum embark on four-year degrees, while the largest group of students to complete seven years of high school start the final batch of three-year degrees.