radical democracyRational choice Rationalism Recall favours decentralisation and participation, the widest possible dispersal of political power. an approach to politics based on the assumption that individuals are rationally self-interested actors; an 'economic* theory of politics. the belief that the world can be understood and explained through the exercise of human reason, based on assumptions about its rational structure. a process whereby the electorate call unsatisfactory public officials to account and ultimately remove them. Радикальная демократия рациональный выбор Рационализм Отзыв выступает за децентрализацию и участие, за самое широкое рассредоточение политической власти. подход к политической деятельности, основанный на предположении, что индивиды являются рациональными и заинтересованными участниками; «экономическая* теория политической деятельности. вера в то, что мир может быть понят и объяснен при помощи человеческой логики, основы-вана на предположении о рациональной структуре мира. процесс, в ходе которого избиратели призывают к ответу не выполняющих должным образом свои обязанности государственных должностных лиц и, в конечном итоге, снимают их с этих должностей.
I
utilitarianism utility Utopia veto a moral philosophy equating 'good' with pleasure or happiness and 'evil' with pain or unhappiness. In political terms it in linked to classical liberalism providing a theoretical and moral basis for egoistical individualism. use value; satisfaction derived from material consumption. an ideal or perfect society. the formal power to block a deciilon or action through the refusal of consent. yiM/iMiMjiHiM философия МО- |>;ши, которая приравнивает «хорошее» к удовольствию или счастью, а «плохое» — к Поли или несчастью. В политическом плане она связана с классическим либерализмом, ииляясь теоретической и моральной базой для эгоистичного индивидуализма, ценность с точки зрения полезности, удовлетворение от использования материального. идеальное или совершенное общество. официальное право блокиро-иать любое решение или действие через отказ в согласий.
Ч, I . \ i < Л CONTENTS Предисловие............................................................................. 3 UNIT 1: WHAT IS POLITICS?......................................... 5 Text 1: Defining politics...................................................... 5 Scan reading......................................................................... 7 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 8 Grammar: The Infinitive in different syntactical functions... 14 Text 2: Different views of politics....................................... 15 Skim reading....................................................................... 16 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises.......................... 17 Grammar: The Infinitive complexes.......................................... 19 Text 3: Многоликий мир политики..................................... 23 Text 4: Concepts, models and theories.................................... 24 Summary................................................................................... 25 Questions for discussion....................................................... 26 UNIT 2: GOVERNMENTS, SYSTEMS AND REGIMES... 27 Text 1: Traditional systems of classification...................... 27 Scan reading......................................................................... 28 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 31 Grammar: The Gerund......................................................... 34 Text 2: Regimes of the modern world................................ 38 Skim reading....................................................................... 39 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 43 Grammar: The Gerund.....................-.................................... 47 Text 3: Полиархия............................................................. 52 Text 4: Classical typologies................................................ 52 Summary................................................................................... 55 Questions for discussion........................................................... 55 UNIT 3: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES..................................... 56 Text 1: What is political ideology?.......................................... 56 Scan reading reading................................................................. 58 Terminology and lopieiil voniluil.uv exercises......................... 58 Grammar: The Participles....................... 61 Text 2: Liberalism and romervitilsm............................................ 64 Skim reading..................... 55 Terminology and topical vnuihulaiv exercises..................... 67 Grammar: The Participle» in <liin-ren(syntactical functions.... 70 Text 3: Патерналистский консерватизм................................ 76 Text 4: The end of Ideology?......................................... 77 Summary............................................................................. 73 Questions for discussion...................................................... 79 UNIT 4: DEMOCRACY........................................................ 80 Text 1: Conceptions of democracy......................................... 80 Scan reading......................................................................... g2 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 84 Grammar revision: The Gerund or The Infinitive?............. 86 Text 2: Democracy In practice........................................... 90 Skim reading...................................................................... 92 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 95 Grammar revision: The Participles, Passive voice................ 99 Text 3: Демократия........................................................... Ш2 Text 4: Defining democracy................................................... Ю2 Summary................................................................................ 104 Questions for discussion............................................................ Ю5 UNIT 5: GLOBAL POLITICS........................................... 106 Text 1: Anew world order.................................................. Ю6 Scan reading......................................................................... Ю7 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises........................ 110 Grammar: Modal verbs (must)................................................ 114 Text 2: Toward world government....................................... 119 Skim reading......................................................................... 120 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises......................... 122 Grammar: Modal verbs (must have done).............................. 125 Text 3: Политика в условиях глобализации................... 130 Text 4: Understanding global politics.................................. 130 Summary............................................................................... 132 Questions for discussion....................................................... 132 UNIT 6: POLITICAL CULTURE AND LEGITIMACY.. 134 Text 1: Political socialisation.............................................. 134 Scan reading......................................................................... 135 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 137 Grammar: Modal verbs (can/could).................................... 142 Text 2: Legitimacy and political stability............................. 147 Skim reading........................................................................ 148 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises....................... 150 Grammar: Modal verbs (may/might)....................................... 154 Text 3: Почему происходят революции?........................ 157 Text 4: Legitimation crisis.................................................. 157 Summary.............................................................................. 159 Questions for discussion...................................................... 160 UNIT 7: REPRESENTATION, ELECTIONS AND VOTING... 161 Text 1: Theories of representation..................................... 161 Scan reading......................................................................... 163 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 166 Grammar: Conditional sentences.......................................... 170 Text 2: Electoral systems...................................................... 175 Skim reading........................................................................ 176 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises....................... 179 Grammar: Conditional sentences............................................ 182 Text 3: Функции выборов................................................ 186 Text 4: Voting behaviour.................................................... 187 Summary.............................................................................. 189 Questions for discussion...................................................... 190 UNIT 8: PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS..................... 191 Text 1: Party politics........................................................... 191 Scan reading.......................................................................... 193 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 195 Grammar: Conditional sentences.......................................... 198 Text 2: Party systems............................................................. 201 Skim reading...................................................................... 202 I Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises............. 206 Grammar revision: Conditional sentences............................ 209 Text 3: Функции партий.................................................. 214 Text 4: The decline of parties?........................................... 215 Summary.............................................................................. 217 Questions for discussion...................................................... 219 UNIT 9: POLICY PROCESS AND SYSTEM PERFORMANCE......................... 220 Text 1: Theories of decision making.................................... 220 Scan reading........................................................................... 222 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises....................... 226 Grammar revision.................................................................. 229 Text 2: System performance............................................... 233 Skim reading...................................................................... 234 Terminology and topical vocabulary exercises..................... 238 Grammar revision................................................................. 241 Text 3: Стадии в процессе политики.............................. 247 Text 4: Democracy performance....................................... 249 Summary.............................................................................. 251 Questions for discussion...................................................... 251 UNIT 10.............................................................................. 252 Texts for reading, translation and discussion.................... 252 Topical vocabulary............................................................. 268 Glossary.................................................................................. 282 Т.И.Гуськова, Е.А.Городкова АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ДЛЯ ПОЛИТОЛОГОВ Художественное оформление А.Сорокин Компьютерная верстка Е.Егоркина Л Р № 066009 от 22.07.1998. Подписано в печать 29.11.2001. Формат 60x90 l/l6. Бумага офсетная № 1. Печать офсетная. Усл.печ.л. 20,0. Уч,-изд.л. 16,6. Тираж 2000 экз. Заказ N° 5202 Издательство «Российская политическая энциклопедия» (РОССПЭН) 129256, Москва, ул. В.Пика, д. 4, корп. 2. Тел. 181-01-71 (дирекция); Тел./факс 181-34-57 (отдел реализации) Отпечатано в полном соответствии с качеством предоставленною оригинал-макета в ППП «Типография «Наука» 121099, Москва, Шубинский пер.. 6
|