Anybody ◈ pen II S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben II 1 страница

A

abandon ◈ awartha- N. [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397

abandonment ◈ awarth N. [ˈɑwɑrθ] n. abandonment ◇ Ety/397

abhor ◈ * fuia- N. [fˈuj.ɑ] inf. fuio N. [fˈuj.ɔ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381

abhorrence ◈ delos N. [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth N.) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355

abhorrent ◈ thaur S. [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438

abiding ◈ him I N. [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364 ◈ thand II N. [θˈɑnd] (thann N.) adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388, VT/46:16 ◈ Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

abominable ◈ deleb N. [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355 ◈ thaur S. [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438

abound ◈ * ovra- N. [ˈɔvrɑ] inf. ovro N. [ˈɔvrɔ] v. to abound ◇ Ety/396

about ◈ o II N. [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth) ◈ os- N. [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379

above ◈ or N. [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379 ◈ or- N. [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379

abroad ◈ palan- S. [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

abundant ◈ ovor N. [ˈɔvr̩] (ovr N., ofr N.) adj. abundant ◇ Ety/396

abyss ◈ dath N. [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:8 ◈ iâ; S. [jˈɑː] (ia N.) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383

account ◈ pennas N. [pˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of pent II, history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206 ◈ trenarn N. [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374

acre ◈ rîdh N. [rˈiːð] n. sown field, acre ◇ Ety/383, VT/46:11

across ◈ ath- N. [ɑθ] pref. on both sides, across ◇ Ety/349 ◈ athra- S. [ɑθrɑ] pref. across ← Athrabeth MR/329 ◈ thar- S., N. [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

acute ◈ † laeg I *S. [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg N., lhoeg N.) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/367, VT/45:25, X/OE, X/LH

afar ◈ palan- S. [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

affect ◈ * presta- N. [prˈɛstɑ] inf. presto N. [prˈɛstɔ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380

affected ◈ prestannen N. [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380

affection ◈ mîl N. [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372 ◈ prestanneth N. [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380

affliction ◈ caul S. [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10

after ◈ ab- S. [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387

again ◈ ad- N. [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6

against ◈ dan S. [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV

age ◈ † andrann *S. [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand N.) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4 ◈ Helge Fauskanger noted that the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but the -d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-

aged ◈ † iphant *S. [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant N.) adj. aged, having lived long, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, VT/46:23, X/PH

agile ◈ celeg S., N. [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10

ago ◈ io N. [jɔ] (ia N.) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399

ah ◈ ai I S. [ˈɑj] interj. ah! ◇ LotR/I:XII ◈ Though attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae, with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin

air ◈ † gwelu *S. [gwˈɛlu] (gwelw N.) n. air (as substance) ◇ Ety/398, X/W ◈ gwelwen N. [gwˈɛl̡wɛn] n. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer) ◇ Ety/398 ◈ gwilith N. [gwˈiliθ] n. air (as a region) ◇ Ety/398 ◈ † lind *S. [lˈind] (lhind N., lhinn N.) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1

alas ◈ nae N. [nˈɑɛ] interj. alas ◇ Ety/375

alive ◈ cuin N. [kˈujn] adj. alive ◇ Ety/366 ◈ * cuina- N. [kˈujnɑ] inf. cuino N. [kˈujnɔ] v. to be alive ◇ Ety/366

all ◈ * pân II S. [pˈɑːn] pl. * pain S. [pˈɑjn] adj. all, in totality ← mhellyn în phain SD/129-31 ◈ As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în I, hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

allegiance ◈ * buia- N. [bˈuj.ɑ] inf. buio N. [bˈuj.ɔ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353

Alone ◈ er- S., N. [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19 ◈ erui S. [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext., first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10 ◈ The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

alphabet ◈ angerthas S. [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Certhas) ◇ S/427, LotR/E ◈ certhas S. [kˈɛrθɑs] n. abst. of certh, Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E ◈ tiwdi N. [tˈiwdi] n. Ling. alphabet ◇ VT/46:18

amputate ◈ * osgar- N. [ˈɔsgɑr] inf. esgeri N. [ˈɛsgɛri] v. to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379

anchorage ◈ † lorn *S. [lˈɔrn] (lhorn N.) n. 1. quiet water ○ 2. by ext., anchorage, harbour ◇ VT/45:29, X/LH

ancient ◈ iaur S., N. [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384

and ◈ a I S. [ɑ] (ar S.) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letters/308 ◈ See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel ◈ ah S. [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329 ◈ The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)

anger ◈ rûth S. [rˈuːθ] n. anger ◇ S/436

angle ◈ bennas N. [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375 ◈ nass N. [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37

animal ◈ lavan S. [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain S. [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416 ◈ * tad-dal S. [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail S. [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388

annal ◈ ínias N. [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. abst. of în II, annals ◇ Ety/400

anniversary ◈ † edinor *S. [ˈɛdinɑr] (edinar N.) n. Cal. anniversary day ◇ Ety/400, X/Z

answer ◈ dambeth S. [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it may possibly be assumed that the word is valid per se (although it may be argued that this compound word does not show the regular mutation that one would have expected) ◈ dangweth S. [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395

anybody ◈ pen II S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben II

apparition ◈ auth II S. [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9

appear ◈ * thia- N. [θˈi.ɑ] inf. thio N. [θˈi.ɔ] v. to appear, seem ◇ Ety/392

apple ◈ cordof S. [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31

approach ◈ * anglenna- S. [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to approach ← anglennatha SD/129-31

appropriate ◈ seidia- S. [sˈɛjdi.ɑ] v. to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner ◇ VT/42:20

april ◈ gwirith S. [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31

arch ◈ cû; S., N. [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. Mil. by ext., bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429

area ◈ sad S. [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:19-20

arid ◈ † apharch *S. [ˈɑffɑrx] (afarch N.) adj. very dry, arid ◇ VT/45:5, X/PH

arm ◈ † ranc *S. [rˈɑŋk] (rhanc N.) pl. † renc *S. [rˈɛŋk] (rhenc N., Arch. rhengy N.) n. arm ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

around ◈ os- N. [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379

article ◈ bach N. [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372

as ◈ sui II S. [sˈuj] conj. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27

ash ◈ lith S., N. [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

ashen ◈ lithui S. [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10

ashy ◈ lithui S. [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10

assembly ◈ hûd N. [hˈuːd] n. assembly ◇ Ety/364

associate ◈ gwathel N. [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil N. [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392

at ◈ na S., N. [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

athwart ◈ thar- S., N. [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

august ◈ urui S. [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D

autumn ◈ iavas S. [jˈɑvɑs] n. abst. of iau I, Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D ◈ † lasbelin *S. [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin N.) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH

awakening ◈ echui S., N. [ˈɛxuj] (echuiw N.) n. awakening ◇ Ety/366, S/429

awe ◈ anwar S. [ˈɑnwɑr] n. awe ◇ UT/418, VT/42:23

awful ◈ taur III N. [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

axe ◈ hast N. [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389 ◈ hathol S. [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel N., * hathal N.) n. 1. Mil. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. Mil. by ext., axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants and their vocalization

B

babble ◈ * glavra- N. [glˈɑvrɑ] inf. glavro N. [glˈɑvrɔ] v. to babble ◇ Ety/358

babbling ◈ glavrol N. [glˈɑvrɔl] part. of glavra-, babbling ◇ Ety/358

babe ◈ † laes *S. [lˈɑɛs] (lhaes N.) n. babe ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

baby ◈ gwinig S. [gwˈinig] n. dim. 1. "litte baby" ○ 2. Biol. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17

back ◈ ad- N. [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6 ◈ dan S. [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV

bad ◈ † faeg *S. [fˈɑɛg] (foeg N.) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE ◈ um N. [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396

bald ◈ rûdh S. [rˈuːð] adj. bald ◇ S/379, WJ/187

ball ◈ coron S., N. [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. Geog. by ext., mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429

bane ◈ dagnir S. [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext., bane ◇ S/430

bank ◈ duirro N. [dˈujrrɔ] n. Geog. river-bank ◇ VT/46:10 ◈ † raw I *S. [rˈɑw] (rhaw N.) n. Geog. bank (especially of a river) ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

bark ◈ * rîf S. [rˈiːv] n. bark ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173

barrow ◈ gorthad S. [gˈɔrθɑd] pl. gœrthaid S. [gˈɛrθɑjd] n. barrow ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194

batter ◈ * blab- N. [blˈɑb] inf. blebi N. [blˈɛbi] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380

battle ◈ ∗ auth I N. [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379, VT/45:23 ◈ dagor S., N. [dˈɑgr̩] (dagr N.) n. battle ◇ Ety/375, S/430 ◈ * dagra- N. [dˈɑgrɑ] inf. dagro N. [dˈɑgrɔ] v. to battle ◇ Ety/375 ◈ maeth N. [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371

bay ◈ côf S. [kˈɔːv] n. Geog. bay ◇ VT/42:15 ◈ hûb N. [hˈuːb] n. Geog. haven, harbour, small land-locked bay ◇ Ety/364

be ◈ * na- S. [nˈɑ] v. to be ← no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24 ◈ no II S. [nˈɔ] v. imp. of na-, be! ◇ VT/44:21,24

beach ◈ falas S., N. [fˈɑlɑs] pl. † felais *S. [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles N.) n. 1. Geog. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf ○ 2. Geog. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI ◈ faur N. [fˈɑur] n. Geog. beach, shore ◇ VT/46:15

beacon ◈ * narthan S. [nˈɑrθɑn] n. beacon, signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy ← Fornarthan VT/42:30

bear ◈ brôg N. [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374 ◈ graw S. [grˈɑw] n. Zool. bear ◇ VT/47:12 ◈ † medli *S. [mˈɛdli] (megli N.) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DL ◈ † medlin *S. [mˈɛdlin] (meglin N.) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL

beard ◈ fang N. [fˈɑŋ] n. beard ◇ Ety/387

bearer ◈ * cyll S. [kˈyll] n. bearer ← Taengyl, Tengyl MR/385

beat ◈ * blab- N. [blˈɑb] inf. blebi N. [blˈɛbi] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380 ◈ * dringa- N. [drˈiŋgɑ] inf. dringo N. [drˈiŋgɔ] v. to beat (with a hammer, etc.) ◇ Ety/355

beautiful ◈ † bain *S. [bˈɑjn] (bein N.) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI

bed ◈ haust N. [hˈɑust] n. bed ◇ Ety/364

bedridden ◈ caeleb N. [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363

beech ◈ brethil II S. [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel N.) pl. brethil S., N. n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429 ◈ fêr N. [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin N. [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381

beget ◈ edonna- N. [ɛdˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ◇ Ety/379 ◈ * onna- S. [ˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387

begin ◈ * heria- N. [hˈɛri.ɑ] inf. herio N. [hˈɛri.ɔ] (hœrio N.) v. to begin suddenly and vigorously ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22 ◈ The forms heno, hœno in the Etymologies are misreadings according to VT/45:22

behind ◈ adel N. [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392

behold ◈ alae S. [ˈɑlɑɛ] interj. (?) behold! ◇ UT/40 ◈ Uncertain meaning, but compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)

bell ◈ nell N. [nˈɛl̡l] n. bell ◇ Ety/379 ◈ nelladel N. [nˈɛl̡lɑdɛl̡] n. ringing of bells ◇ Ety/379

bellowing ◈ glam S. [glˈɑm] (glamm S., N., glamb S., N.) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. Pop. by ext., as a coll. noun, any body of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

beneath ◈ di- S. [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37 ◈ The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di

bent ◈ cûn N. [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365 ◈ † raeg *S. [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg N.) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH

beside ◈ ar- II N. [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext., without ◇ Ety/349

betray ◈ * gweria- N. [gwˈɛri.ɑ] inf. gwerio N. [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397

betrayer ◈ gwarth N. [gwˈɑrθ] n. betrayer ◇ Ety/397

between ◈ mîn II S. [mˈiːn] (min- S.) prep. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things) ← Minhiriath LotR/Map, VT/47:11,14

beyond ◈ athan S. [ɑθɑn] prep. beyond ◇ SD/62 ◈ thar- S., N. [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

bind ◈ * gwedh- N. [gwˈɛð] inf. gwedhi (corr. gwedi) N. [gwˈɛði] pa. t. gwedhant N. [gwˈɛðɑnt] (gwend N., gwenn N.) v. to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1 ◈ † nod- *S. [nˈɔd] (nud- N.) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z