The State System of UkraineUkraine is the sovereign independent state. The first step towards its sovereignty was made on July 16 1990, when the Supreme Council of Ukraine proclaimed its independence. About 91% of the people who took part in the All-Ukrainian referendum, held on December 1 1991, voted in favour of Ukraine’s independence. The territorial structure of Ukraine is composed of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and 24 oblasts. Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, and Sevastopol possess a special status determined by law. Under the Constitution of Ukraine the state power is divided into three branches - the legislative, the executive and the judicial. The President of Ukraine is the head of the state and speaks on behalf of it. He is also a Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and presides over the Council of National Security. The President of Ukraine is elected directly by the voters for a term of 5 years with no more than two full terms. The President of Ukraine - secures state independence, national security, human rights and freedoms; - represents the state in foreign relations, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties of Ukraine; - signs laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada; - appoints and discharges the Procurator General of Ukraine with the consent of Verkhovna Rada; The one-housed parliament - the Verkhovna Rada is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. There are 450 people’s deputies who are elected for a term of 5 years on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. Successive elections of the Verkhovna Rada shall be conducted on the last Sunday of last month of the fifth year of the term of the parliament. The Verkhovna Rada works on a session basis. Regular sessions are commenced each year on the first Tuesday of February and on the first Tuesday of September. The presiding officer is the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada. The Verkhovna Rada’s main function is making laws. Law draft work is performed in Committees. The Verkhovna Rada appoints: - the Prime-Minister according to the proposition of the President with the consent of the majority or the coalition of deputies’ groups of the Verkhovna Rada; - members of the Cabinet according to the proposition of the Prime-Minister; - Minister of Defence, Minister of Foreign Affairs according to the proposition of the President. The Verkhovna Rada adopts the State Budget for the period from January 1 to December 31 and controls the execution of it. The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. It is responsible to the President and to the Verkhovna Rada is accountable to the Verkhovna Rada. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine: - carries out the domestic and foreign policy of the State, the fulfillment of the Constitution as well as the acts of the President; - develops and fulfills national programs on the economic, scientific and technological, social and cultural development of Ukraine; The executive power in oblasts and rayons is exercised by local state administrations. The President of Ukraine appoints the heads of state administrations and discharges them from these positions. Justice in Ukraine is exercised entirely by courts. It is administered by the Constitutional Court and by the courts of general jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest juridical body of general jurisdiction.
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