Identify the following schemes and say which one gives the more exact content of the text.

Sceme 1

Scheme 2

Flexible production and industrial robots

Word list:

to face the task – стикатися з завданням swift – швидкий, скорий an introduction – впровадження vital – життєво важливий to raise – підвищувати to cooperate – співробітничати to transport – переносити, переміщувати a threshold – початок manual – ручний

fixed– незмінний; сталий variable– мінливий, непостійний; несталий playback – відтворення to reprogram – перепрограмувати to repeat – повторювати numerical – числовий, цифровий intelligent– розумний, кмітливий advanced– сучасний; досконалий capability – здібність, здатність

Exercises to the subject:

1. Read the text and say what task Ukraine’s machine-building industry is facing now.

Ukraine’s machine-building industry is now facing the task of restructuring on a large scale engineering production, and developing new methods of organization, new equipment and new technologies. This is a global process. Swift production automation, the introduction of microprocessors, robotic, rotary and rotary-conveyer lines, flexible readjustable production is vital for today’s industry. The task today is to raise their reliability, speed and failure-free operation. Ukrainian engineers cooperate in the development of flexible production systems with experts from different countries. Also needed for the operation of flexible systems are robots which will transport billets and parts between machine-tools, i.e. transport robots, robot trailers, as well as measuring robots.

The word “robot” was first used by Czech playwright Karel Čapek, who in 1920 wrote a drama about machines that could move like human beings and do their work. Today this idea has become a reality. Industrial robots now being manufactured perform certain tasks even better than a human being. We are thus at the threshold of the era of robots what might be called a “robolution”.

An industrial robot is a unit which has movement functions with a high degree of freedom similar to human arms and hands and is able to move autonomously on the basis of sense and perceptions.

There are six categories of robots:

1. the manual manipulator, remotely controlled by a person, which carries out hand-and-arm functions to hold and move objects:

2. the fixed-sequence robot, which performs a series of operations in a preset order, always in the same series of locations in space;

3. the variable-sequence robot, which operates in the same manner as a fixed-sequence robot but can easily be reprogrammed for a different sequence of operations;

4. the playback robot, which repeats a sequence of movements and operations that are first “taught” by manual movement of a manipulator and stored in the robot’s memory unit;

5. the numerically-controlled robot, which moves from one position to another according to numerical instructions in such forms as punched paper tapes or cards;

6. the intelligent robot, an advanced type that can decide its course of action on the basis of its sensing devices and analytical capability.

Today robots play a major role in welding, press-forming, coating and other operations, particularly in the automotive industry.

2. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text: структурна перебудова; підвищити надійність; швидкість; чеський драматург; рухатися як люди; ставати реальністю; виконувати певні завдання навіть краще за людину; функції руху; високий рівень свободи; подібно до людських рук; відчуття та сприйняття; контролюється на відстані; у встановленому порядку; паперові перфострічки чи картки; напрям дії; відігравати важливішу роль.

3. Translate the following words and phrases into Ukrainian: large scale engineering production; swift production automation; rotary-conveyer lines; flexible readjustable production; failure-free operation; flexible production systems; transport robots; robot trailers; measuring robots; manual manipulator; fixed-sequence robot; variable-sequence robot; playback robot; numerically-controlled robot; intelligent robot; welding; press-forming; coating.