HAVE TO and MUSTNOTE: ü I have to do something = it is necessary to do it, I am obliged to do it: E.g. You can’t turn right here. You have to turn left. I have to wear glasses for reading. George can’t come out with us this evening. He has to work late. Last week Tina broke her arm and had to go to hospital.
We use do / does / did in questions and negative sentences (for the present and past simple): E.g. What do I have to do to get a new driving licence? Karen doesn’t have to work on Saturdays. Why did you have to leave early?
You can use have to with will and might / may: E.g. If the pain gets worse, you’ll have to go to the doctor. I might have to work late tomorrow evening. (= it’s possible that I will have to)
ü Must is similar to have to: E.g. It’s later than I thought. I must go. or I have to go.
You can use must to give your own opinion. Have to is also possible. E.g. I haven’t spoken to Sue for ages. I must phone her. (I say this is necessary) Mark is a really nice person. You must meet him. (I recommend this)
We use have to to say what someone is obliged to do. The speaker is not giving his / her own opinion: E.g. I have to work from 8.30 to 17.30 every day. (a fact, not an opinion) Jane has to travel a lot for her work.
But must is often used in written rules and instructions: E.g. Applications for the job must be received by 10 September. (exam instruction) You must write your answers in ink.
ü Mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different:
1. Bill starts at 5 a.m. He has to get up at four. (he / get up) 2. ‘I broke my arm last week.’ ____________________ to hospital? (you / go) 3. There was a lot of noise from the street. __________ the window. (we / close) 4. Karen can’t stay for the whole meeting. _______________ early. (she / leave) 5. How old _____________________ to drive in your country? (you / be) 6. I don’t have much time. _____________________ (I / hurry) 7. How is Jill enjoying her new job? __________________ a lot? (she / travel) 8. ‘I’m afraid I can’t stay long.’ ‘What time ____________________? (you /go) 9. ‘The bus was late again.’ ‘How long ___________________? (you / wait) 10. There was nobody to help me. I __________________ everything by myself. (I / do)
1. I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early. 2. Steve didn’t know how to use the computer, so I ___________________ him. 3. Excuse me a moment – I _______________ a phone call. I won’t be long. 4. I’m not so busy. I have a few things to do, but I _______________ them now. 5. I couldn’t find the street I wanted. I _____________ somebody for directions. 6. The car park is free. You ________________ to park your car there. 7. A man was injured in the accident, but he _______________ to hospital because it wasn’t serious. 8. Sue has a senior position in the company. She ________ important decisions. 9. When Patrick starts his new job next month, he _____________ 50 miles to work every day.
1. I must work every day from 8.30 to 17.30. I have to work. 2. It’s later than I thought. I must go. 3. You must come and see us again soon. 4. Tom can’t meet us tomorrow. He must work. 5. I must work late yesterday evening. 6. I must get up early tomorrow. I have lots to do. 7. Julia wears glasses. She must wear glasses since she was very young.
1. I don’t want anyone to know about our plan. You mustn’t tell anyone. 2. Richard ________ wear a suit to work, but he usually does. 3. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I ________ go to work. 4. Whatever you do, you ________ touch this switch. It’s very dangerous. 5. There’s a lift in the building, so we ________ climb the stairs. 6. You ________ forget what I told you. It is very important. 7. Sue ________ get up early, but she usually does. 8. Don’t make so much noise. We ________ wake the children. 9. I ________ eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet. 10. You ________ be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
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