Natural Resources and Industrial Chemistry

1.The history of man is largely the history of man's struggle for natural resources.

2.The rapid increase in the world's population with its enormous demand for food, energy, and manufactured products makes chemical industry a very important factor of our civilization.

3.At present a high standard of living makes great demand for mineral resources.

4.The natural sources of many materials are quickly exhausted, so new chemical products have to be developed.

5.Chemical industry is directed to the conversion of natural raw materials of the earth, sea and air into products, which are of vital importance for people’s life.

6.Chemical industry deals with every kind of raw material.

7.Combining and rearranging the molecules, chemists can create substances with definite characteristics.

8.Chemical industry ranges so widely that it is difficult to define its scope.

9.Chemistry concerns with all forms of matter from metals to paper.

10.It reaches almost every sphere of science and technology.

11.A simple chemical product, sulfuric acid for example, is absolutely essential for the production of concrete, steel, some metals, textiles, paper, and many medicines.

12.In its turn these above mentioned substances are essential for the construction of airplanes, railroads, automobiles, telephones, etc.

 

II. Найдите соответствия между словами в правой и левой колонках:

1. Struggle	a.Население
2. Population	b.Уровень
3. Demand	c.Борьба
4. Standard	d.Преобразование
5. Resource	e.Вещество
6. Conversion	f.Потребность, спрос
7. Substance	g.Ресурс
8. Concrete	h.Лекарство
9. Acid	i.Кислота
10. Medicine	j.Бетон
11. Scope	k.Масштаб
12. Source	l.Источник

 

III. Переведите глаголы и дайте их 2 и 3 формы:

To make, to have, to teach, to become, to know, to hurt, to go

IV. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. The ___________ industry converts natural raw materials into products.

a)sulfuric

b)natural

c)mineral

d)chemical

2. It _________difficult to define the scope of chemical industry.

a)is

b)are

c)am

d)were

3. Our standard of living _____________ great demand for mineral resources.

a)are

b)concerns

c)ranges

d)makes

4. The world’s population increases____________.

a)rapidly

b)directly

c)naturally

d)chemically

V. Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих предложений:

1. It is known that chemistry deals with all forms of matter, from metals to paper.

a)Известные разделы химии имеют дело со всеми формами вещества от металла до бумаги.

b)Все формы веществ от бумаги до металла связаны с химией.

c)Известно, что химия имеет дело со всеми формами вещества, от металла до бумаги.

2. Rearranging the molecules chemists create substances with definite characteristics.

a)Перераспределение молекул ведёт к созданию веществ с определёнными свойствами.

b)Химики перераспределяют молекулы и создают вещества с определёнными свойствами.

c)Перераспределяя молекулы, химики создают вещества с определёнными характеристиками.

3. The history of man is largely the history of man's struggle for natural resources.

a)История человека – это, в основном, история его борьбы за природные ресурсы.

b)Борьба за природные ресурсы составляет основу борьбы человека за выживание.

c)История человечества – это история борьбы с природными ресурсами.

VI. Найдите в тексте существительные во множественном числе и переведите их.

VII. Найдите в тексте и переведите предложения:

a)в страдательном залоге

b)с модальным глаголом и его эквивалентами

c)с существительными в притяжательном падеже.

VIII. Найдите в тексте предложение, которое начинается со слов «В свою очередь» и переведите его до конца.

IX. Прочитайте предложение №7. Как переводится выражение in combining?

 

 

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

 

THE FIRST RUSSIAN WOMAN-SCIENTIST ( Sophia Kovalevskaya )

(1850-1891)

1.The great Russian mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya lived and worked in the second half of the 19^th century.

2.It was the period of Russia's progress in science and culture.

3.Sophia was born in Moscow on February 15, 1850 in a well-off family but spent her childhood in a village.

4.When Sophia was eight an experienced teacher taught her arithmetic, grammar, literature, geography and history.

5.The girl showed an unusual gift in mathematics and at the age of twelve puzzled her teacher when she gave a new solution to a difficult unsolved problem.

6.In 1867 Sophia wanted to continue her studies in St. Petersburg where her family spent winters but the tsarist Government didn’t allow women to study.

7.The only way out for her was to go abroad.

8.Sophia Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University; she attended lectures and did a lot of research and practical work.

9.In 1871 S. Kovalevskaya went to Berlin and during four years wrote three dissertations and Hettingen University awarded her the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

10.In 1883 she accepted the offer of Stockholm University and was elected professor of mechanics

11.In her numerous scientific works Kovalevskaya solved the problems which many scientists couldn't solve during many years.

12.When Kovalevskaya became a world-famous scientist she won recognition in her own country.

13.In 1889 she was elected a Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

 

II. Найдите соответствия между словами в правой и левой колонках:

1. Be born	a.Давать
2. Spend	b.Озадачивать
3. Give	c.Решать
4. Attend	d.Принимать
5. Award	e.Выигрывать
6. Puzzle	f.Посещать
7. Solve	g.Награждать
8. Accept	h.Избирать
9. Win	i.Проводить
10. Elect	j.Родиться

 

III. Согласитесь (Yes, it is true) или опровергните (No, it is false) данные утверждения. Если они не соответствуют тексту, дайте правильный вариант:

1.Sophia Kovalevskaya lived at the beginning of the 19^th century.

2.Sophia Kovalevskaya was taught only mathematics.

3.Sophia Kovalevskaya was a very talented girl.

4.Sophia Kovalevskaya studied at Moscow University.

5.In Berlin Sophia Kovalevskaya wrote three dissertations.

6.Sophia Kovalevskaya was elected professor of mathematics.

7.Sophia Kovalevskaya solved the problems that couldn't be solved for many years.

8.Sophia Kovalevskaya was elected a Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the end of the 19^th century.

 

IV. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.When and where was Sophia Kovalevskaya born?

2.What period was it in Russia?

3.What was Sophia Kovalevskaya taught when she was eight?

4.How did the girl puzzle her teacher?

5.Why couldn’t Sophia Kovalevskaya continue her education in Russia?

6.What did Sophia Kovalevskaya write when she studied and worked in Berlin?

7.Was Sophia Kovalevskaya a professor of Stockholm University?

8.When did Sophia Kovalevskaya win the recognition in Russia?